fig1

Figure 1. An overview of the mTORC1 signalling pathway. IRS1: insulin receptor substrate 1; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN: phosphatase and TENsin homolog; AKT: AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; TSC1: tuberous sclerosis complex 1; TSC2: tuberous sclerosis complex 2; RHEB: ras homolog enriched in brain; GDP: guanosine diphosphate; GTP: guanosine triphophate; mTORC1: mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; S6K1/2: ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1/2; 4E-BP1: eIF4E binding protein 1; eIF4E: eukaryotic initiation factor 4E; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; HIF-1α: hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; SREBP: sterol regulatory element-binding protein; ULK1: Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1