fig1

Figure 1. Mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in pediatric cancers. (1) Altered drug metabolism, either at the liver, in the bloodstream, or in the cell; (2) Altered drug influx/effux; (3) Disruption of response to DNA damage; (4) Inhibition of mitochondrial/cytochrome c/ROS-mediated cell death; (5) Epigenetic dysregulation; (6) miRNA dysregulation; (7) Mutations/amplification of tyrosine kinases; (8) Abnormal expression/downregulation of cell surface markers and targets of monoclonal antibodies and other immune therapies; (9) Activation of telomerase/ALT. (10) Tumor microenvironment enabling viability